Teaching as a profession has changed drastically

This is besides a timely issue in southern Florida since one of its school territory ‘s gained national attending late because parents used a societal computing machine web forum to develop the group TINT ( Testing is Not Teaching ) . This grassroots organisation was started by parents who felt that their kids were being overly tested in the public school system. The parents were joined by instructors and pupils and used the societal web to form protests and mass meetings. Two of the groups purposes were to hold the CAO ( Chief Academic Officer ) removed from his place, along with the Superintendent who hired him. The group felt that the CAO was passing out a â€Å" written plan † , particularly in reading, that all instructors were mandated to follow. This plan was designed to increase trial tonss on the FCAT ( Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test ) , given to all pupils in classs 3 through 10. In the terminal both the CAO and Superintendent resigned and TINT is now cl osely watching local and national developments in instruction. In this epoch of high bets proving, territories, schools and instructors depend on the success of their pupils ‘ success on standardised trials. These trials are correlated with national and province criterions and are farther broken down by benchmarks. These benchmarks provide the guidelines for the content instructors cover during the school twelvemonth. Research has shown that effectual instructors participate in the planning and implementing of the course of study but the authorizations from the Federal, province, and local authoritiess take the ownership of learning off and replace it with a course of study that is out of their control. This instance survey will look at the effects of the high-stakes testing motion on single instructors and analyze the functions and duties these instructors believe they have in fixing their pupils for the high-stakes testing. This instance survey was designed to analyze the relationship between the execution of increased high bets proving and teacher efficaciousness and to reply the inquiry do teacher believe they have a function or any duty in determining instructional schemes in fixing their pupils for taking high bets trials? The focal point was on analyzing what educational patterns are working to increase instructor efficaciousness with province mandated standardised testing and looking at schools which have implemented successful plans to help instructors. Three instructors will be interviewed to determine their position in determining instructional schemes within their school that prepare their pupils for the province mandated trials. This qualitative research designed instance survey will interview three instructors in public schools in a territory in South Florida. The interview inquiries will be predetermined and the topics will hold the chance to read these inquiries before being interviewed. There will be four inquiries for each one to reply. These inquiries will be developed by the interviewer and concentrate on the instructor ‘s function sing high bets proving and if it has changed their instruction patterns. They will besides be asked what function they have in their peculiar school in determining instructional schemes for their pupils to win on these trials. The interviewer will both transcribe and tape all the interviews and after the written text is complete it will be given to the instructors for their reappraisal.History of testing:The construct of aptitude testing was introduced during World War II as a method of happening the best and most intelligent soldiers for the United States military, ( Schmidt 2008 ) . In the old ages after the war these trials became incorporated into the American society as a manner to happen persons with superior scholarly capablenesss. The SAT was adapted from Yerkes ‘ trials for the military and was used by colleges and universities as one factor in finding admittances to their installations. By the 1960 ‘s SAT scores began to worsen, raising political and public concerns about the quality of the state ‘s educational system. Before this diminution, many Americans held a positive position of public instruction in the United States. American instruction was thought to both work out society ‘s jobs and besides endeavor to include pupils from diverse backgrounds, ( West & A ; Peterson, 2003, p. 4, as cited in Schmidt, 2008 ) . After publication of the diminution in trial tonss, many Americans became concerned with the province of the American educational system. The standardised testing motion is the consequence of the a series of jurisprudence ‘ passed by the state ‘s Presidents, climaxing in 2001 with the transition of No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) , by so president George W. Bush. The authorizations of NCLB have proved to be controversial although basic end was â€Å" aˆÂ ¦to create an inducement for pedagogues to guarantee that no one pupil, or group of pupils, is left behind in their reading, linguistic communication, and mathematics abilities † . NCLB had legion demands that provinces and school territories had to follow in order to have federal support. The foundation of the NCLB jurisprudence is that provinces must make AYP ( Annual Yearly Progress ) each twelvemonth. The jurisprudence specified that every province â€Å" aˆÂ ¦must develop, and incorporate into their course of study, a standards-based answerability plan that demonstrates student proficiency degrees in the nucleus capable countries of rea ding, linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, and mathematics † ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . These proficiency degrees are measured by standardised trials given to all pupils one time a twelvemonth and these trials had to be approved by the Department of Education prior to being given ( Abernathy, 2007, p.5 ; Sunderman et. al. , 2005, p. 5 ) . By carry oning one-year testing, territories can closely supervise the advancement, or deficiency thereof, of pupils. No Child Left Behind was the latest reproduction of President Lyndon Johnson ‘s reform of educational reorganisation known as the ESEA ( Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965 ) . Both steps stressed the thought that public instruction â€Å" aˆÂ ¦requires a federal presence to guarantee academic advancement and academic equality for all pupils † . Schmidt ( 2008 ) Since the ESEA was passed at that place have been alterations made to its base, with the latest being No Child Left Behind ( NCLB ) The federal authorities has played an of import function in altering public instruction in the United States, the motive for these alterations in public schools were motivated because of concerns for America ‘s worsening trial tonss. The two chief drifts for alteration were worsening trial tonss on the Scholastic Aptitude Test ( SAT ) and the publication of A State At Risk by Terrance Bell. Three of import causes were named in the passing of the ESEA statute law. The first was the worsening public presentation of pupils on the SAT test. The second was studies conducted during this clip that repeatedly placed the United States in the lowest percentile of overall academic accomplishment when compared with foreign educational systems, ( West & A ; Peterson, 2003, pp. 4-5 ; Nichols & A ; Berliner, 2007, p. 4 ) . The 3rd factor was the relentless accomplishment spread that separated minorities and low-income pupils ‘ tonss from kids who came from a more affluent background. ( Nichols & A ; Berliner, 2007 ; p.4. & A ; Kantor, 1991, p. 51 ) . A State at Risk was published 18 old ages after the transition of the ESEA and was written by so Secretary of Education, Terrence Bell â€Å" Nation at Risk: The Imperative for Education Reform in America ( West & A ; Peterson, 2003 p. 5 ; Berry, 1993, p. 215 ) . This study focused on the United States ‘ low academic accomplishment in malice of the federal authorities ‘s focal point on bettering pupil public presentation in public schools when the ESEA was passed. The study stated that, â€Å" aˆÂ ¦the educational foundations of our society are soon being eroded by a lifting tide of averageness that threatens our really future as a State and a people † ( Bell, 1983 ) . Furthermore, the United States achieved a low academic rank when compared to other states and the authors of the study believed that America ‘s educational system was in demand of a drastic reform. The publication radius of a series of reforms that the writers believed would â€Å" aˆÂ ¦reverse the downward spiral of an unequal educational system, ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . The reforms included parental and community engagement at local schools, engaging instructors with advanced grades who were more motivated to learn, and a higher degree of engagement from all degrees of authorities. Although this publication did non excite any alterations on the federal degree, it still remained an of import factor in American public instruction. In 1994, so President Clinton passed a reauthorization of the ESEA called Goals 2000. This federal reform plan was ambitious in nature since it provided pecuniary inducements for public schools that implemented annually proving to demo student advancement towards proficiency, ( West & A ; Peterson, 2003, p.7 ) . This plan provided Title 1 schools with â€Å" aˆÂ ¦federal support â€Å" for developing ‘local reformsaˆÂ ¦the developme nt of standardsaˆÂ ¦enhanced professional development, bettering in engineering, and alterations in administration for answerability † † with the end of increasing pupil public presentation in the aˆÂ ¦ † nucleus capable countries such as, reading and mathematics ( Fuhrman, 1994, p. 84 ) . Goals 2000 laid the basis for NCLB. It was during this clip that the term â€Å" answerability † became of import since it was used as an inducement for provinces to get federal financess. This thought was added to NCLB, but President Busch extended the significance by doing the relationship stronger between the federal, province, and local bureaus. Although the answerability measures set Forth by NCLB have proved to be controversial, its basic end of the Act was â€Å" aˆÂ ¦to create an inducement for pedagogues to guarantee that no one pupil, or group of pupils, is left behind in their reading, linguistic communication, and mathematics abilities † . NCLB had legion demands that provinces and school territories had to follow in order to have federal support. The foundation of the NCLB jurisprudence is that provinces must make AYP ( Annual Yearly Progress ) each twelvemonth. The jurisprudence specified that every province â€Å" aˆÂ ¦must develop, and incorporate into their course of study, a standards-based answerability plan that demonstrates student proficiency degrees in the nucleus capable countries of reading, linguistic communication humanistic disciplines, and mathematics † ( Schmidt, 2008 ) . These proficiency degrees are measured by standardised trials given to all pupils one time a twelvemonth and these trials had to be approved by the Department of Education prior to being given ( Abernathy, 2007, p.5 ; Sunderman et. al. , 2005, p. 5 ) . By carry oning one-year testing, territories can closely supervise the advancement, or deficiency thereof, of pupils. The standards-based instruction reform and answerability motion started in the mid-1980s and raised outlooks of public presentation for U.S. schools ( Buttram & A ; Waters, 1997 ) . The province of Florida took the enterprise to better K-12 instruction and so Governor Jeb Bush instituted the A+ Plan in 1999. This program was created as a standards-based answerability system, concentrating on bettering the public presentation of all pupils, irrespective of their ethnicity, gender, poorness degrees, native linguistic communication or disablement position. The chief premiss of the A+ Plan was that â€Å" every kid can larn and no kid should be left behind † ( Executive Office of the Governor, nd. ) . A brief reappraisal of the literature found a clear division between research workers who found that standardised trials are good vs. those who believe these trials are damaging to education as a whole. Many writers began their Hagiographas by depicting the necessity of standardised testing in today ‘s schools. Bandalos ( 06 ) explained the demand for standardised testing within educational scenes today since these high-stakes trials are the method in which pupil acquisition is assessed and continuously evaluated by instructors, principals, and school territories. Bandalos besides stated that acquisition is the end in all of instruction and the function of appraisal is to assist professionals understand the degree of larning pupils have achieved. Hammeran ( 10 ) besides felt that it was possible to â€Å" learn to the trial † while still covering the of import course of study for a category. This writer studied learning a scientific discipline plan that was aligned to the National Science Education Standards ( NSES ) . She wrote that since the province criterions reflect the national criterions, and standardised trials reflect both the province and national criterions, so concentrating on learning to the trial would guarantee that pupils were having the of import content in scientific discipline category. The significance of the job is clearly discussed The significance of the inquiry of instructor beliefs in their function in determining instructional schemes to fix their pupils for proving is a timely one in the province of Florida. Performance-based appraisal is now compulsory in many schoolrooms but instructors and parents have become concerned about the genuineness of these appraisals and how assessment information can be used as formative feedback to better instruction and acquisition. Although these newer attacks are driven by a motive to do pupil appraisal informations more utile and meaningful than some traditional attacks this alteration was viewed as a positive progress by some research workers while others felt that it was hard to judge the theoretical benefits of these alterations or to get down to consistently research the nature of instructors ‘ schoolroom appraisal patterns. This trouble arises because research workers, protagonists, and specializers in school territories in the state have non arrived at a cons istent definition of what these footings mean or what these patterns look like ( Frey & A ; Schmitt, 2007 ) . Coming to Footings With Classroom Assessment 2007 Bruce B. Frey-University of Kansas, Vicki L. Schmitt-Missouri State University Those who advocate for â€Å" aˆÂ ¦test-based accountabilityaˆÂ ¦ † argue that it increases pupil success by helping instructors to set more accent on the of import content in their capable country, provides wagess for good instruction, and produces informations that is used to do determinations about pupils, instructors, and schools. For such systems to work every bit intended, the policies must advance good direction, and any resulting additions in trial tonss must back up valid illations about increased pupil accomplishment. Research has shown that high-stakes testing does so act upon direction, but these effects are complex and consist both desirable and unwanted alterations in pattern. For illustration, instructors in territories or provinces where high bets are associated with trial consequences tend to concentrate on tried stuff and de-emphasize unseasoned stuff ( see Stecher, 2002 ) . Similarly, research indicates that the additions in tonss on high-stakes trials frequently generalize ill ( or non at all ) to other trials of the same sphere, raising uncertainties about the extent to which these additions provide valid grounds of improved pupil public presentation ( Klein, Hamilton, McCaffrey, & A ; Stecher, 2000 ; Koretz & A ; Barron, 1998 ; Koretz, Linn, Dunbar, & A ; Shepard, 1991 ; Linn, 2000 ) . The literature on high bets proving is clear sing the history and development of these trials and how they are being implemented in school territories today. Conversely, the literature is divided into two factions-authors who believe that standardised testing is a good step of pupil acquisition and instruction, and writers who feel that high-stakes proving is a negative influence for instructors and pupils. The function that instructors believe they play in implementing in determining instructional schemes to fix pupils for proving is non a topic that has much coverage in the literature, but the branchings of † learning to the trial † is covered. The research inquiry is designed to understand the function instructors feel they play in determining instructional schemes to guarantee that their pupils achieve success on these compulsory province and authorities needed trials. These are the trials that they themselves are held accountable for the consequences by their schools and territories. If instructors feel they have no function in determining the direction for their ain pupils so for them it will be a affair of â€Å" learning to the trial † . If, on the other manus, they feel in control of direction the term â€Å" teacher efficaciousness † will be applicable to these instructors. Teacher self-efficacy refers to a instructor ‘s belief about his or her competency in holding a positive consequence on pupil larning accomplishment, Ashton, 1984 as cited in Denzilel, 2005. Prior research conducted in the field indicates that teacher self-efficacy is related to a instructor ‘s success in curriculum invention ( Berman & A ; McLaughlin, 1977 ) , beliefs about pupils ‘ capablenesss ( Ashton, 1984 ) and intelligence ( Klein, 1996 ) , quality of pupil relationships ( Ashton & A ; Webb, 1986 ) , assurance in working with parents ( Hoover- Dempsey, Bassler, & A ; Brissie, 1987 ) , clip spent on academic acquisition ( Allinder, 1995 ) , self-efficacy of low-achieving pupils ( Midgley, Feldlaufer, & A ; Eccles, 1989 ) , and the instructor ‘s ability to keep pupils accountable for their acquisition and public presentation ( Ashton & A ; Webb, 1986 ) . In the original Rand surveies, teacher self-efficacy was measured by inquiring two inquiries: ( a ) ‘When it comes right down to it, a instructor truly ca n't make much because most of a pupil ‘s motive and public presentation depends on his or her place environment ‘ , and ( B ) ‘If I try truly difficult, I can acquire through to even the most hard or unmotivated pupils ‘ . The first inquiry was hypothesized to measure instructors ‘ result outlooks, typically labeled learning efficaciousness ( TE ) . In contrast, the 2nd point was hypothesized to reflect personal instruction efficaciousness ( PE ) . From this position, TE relates to a instructor ‘s outcome outlooks and PE is based on the instructor ‘s judgements of his or her personal ability to act upon pupil acquisition. Early Rand research workers grounded teacher self-efficacy in Rotter ‘s ( 1966 ) venue of control concept and placed important accent on outcome outlooks and p ersonal duty when construing efficaciousness tonss. Later, Ashton and Webb aligned the concept with a societal cognitive theoretical position of self-efficacy ( 1977, 1978 ) . In contrast to the venue of control position, the social-cognitive attack emphasizes the dealingss between efficaciousness beliefs and outcome outlooks. Harmonizing to Bandura, result and efficaciousness beliefs are related but can be conceptually and through empirical observation differentiated ( 1986, 1997 ) . For Ashton and Webb, TE and PE represent steps of result outlooks and efficaciousness outlooks, severally. Teacher efficaciousness can be affected by the function they play in fixing pupils for mandated standardised trials. Author Kenneth Vogler ( 2006 ) stated in his article that in the past instructors were merely accountable to their decision makers and local school boards. It was those local boards that developed the course of study every bit good as the criterions for their school system. Now, instructors, every bit good as decision makers, are being held accountable to the populace for the academic public presentation of pupils in their charge. Standardized testing is a world in south Florida and that fact is non altering in the foreseeable hereafter. Students, parents, and instructors have mobilized to alter the importance and weight of these trials, but there is still â€Å" FCAT blackout † where no schools are allowed to take field trips, no personal yearss are given to instructors, and no conferences are held by the territory. After the blackout comes â€Å" FCAT season † where schools are on practical lock-down until all the testing is complete. From personal experience, instructors are ranked by the additions their pupils made, particularly in reading, math, and scientific discipline. When the CAO was in office, each instructor received a â€Å" book † to be completed that twenty-four hours. Sometimes the day-to-day book was 15 pages or longer. All of the control was taken away with respect to instructional schemes and learning to the trial began on the first twenty-four hours of school. The resea rch says that this focussed instruction can be positive or negative. The focal point of this survey is to inquire instructors if they fell they have control fixing their pupils for these high-stakes trials and to analyze what works in their readying and which countries they feel they have no control in direction. The consequences will be good to both the school and territory as we struggle to equilibrate the ends set Forth by the authorities with our pupil ‘s single demands. Teachers ‘ RESPONSES TO HIGH-STAKES TESTING AND THE VALIDITY OF GAINS: A PILOT STUDY. Daniel M. Koretz CRESST/Harvard Graduate School of Education Laura S. Hamilton CRESST/RAND Education Coming to Footings With Classroom Assessment 2007 Bruce B. Frey-University of Kansas, Vicki L. Schmitt-Missouri State University British Journal of Educational Psychology ( 2005 ) , 75, 689-708, 2005 The British Psychological Society www.bpsjournals.co.uk. Confirmatory factor analysis of the Teacher Efficacy Scale for prospective instructors. Gypsy M. Denzine1* , John B. Cooney2 and Rita McKenzie3 1Northern Arizona University, USA 2University of Northern Colorado, USA 3Buena Vista University, USA

Marketing plan of Himalaya shampoo Essay

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY While providing verities in product, company have to focus mainly on pricing. In India there are customers with variety of spending capacity on a particular product, but most of them will focus on economic mid range product. In Indian shampoo market there is huge scale of pricing as well as quality. While confirming final selling price of Himalaya shampoo, we have to consider the pricing of contenders. Because if we sell it on high price most of customers will not dare to try an expensive shampoo first time, they will choose their usual one. On other hand if we sell it on very low price, they will definitely think that this product is not good in quality & they should not buy it. For very good results, we have to maintain our price with competitors & attract customers. Other additional offers like buy one get one free, free sample distribution, additional in quantity; selling combos  in affordable price will help to attract more & more customers. INTRODUCTION AIM – SALES GOALS Making a benefit is the most critical some may say the main target of a business. Benefit measures victory. It might be characterized basically: Incomes – Overheads = Benefit. PROSPECT GOALS Individual offering capacities as a vital segment inside an organization’s bigger reconciled showcasing interchanges technique. Client deals are the soul of a business, helping straightforwardly to the organization’s end result. When bringing a deal to a close or starting special exercises, associations should first comprehend the necessities, needs, and propensities of their intended interest group. SCOPE The section, at around Rs 4,000 crore as of January 2012 (according to Nielsen information) is developing by over 18 for every penny yearly. Furthermore rivalry for an allotment of this pie is compelling. Shampoos likewise delight in one of the most noteworthy infiltration levels (around 80-85 for every penny) crosswise over item classes in India, making it essential for brands to continue advancing to stay ahead (Portion and principle, 2012). BACKROUND – The Himalaya herbal company has been manufacturing different types of natural personal care segment since 1999 to creating efficient simple life for human beings. . The key factor of company is that, they are helping people to realize importance of herbal & natural product for their personal care needs. Companies’ natural & herbal personal care products are very distinguished than other synthetic chemical personal care products in different manners. CURRENT SITUATION ANALYSIS INTERNAL ANALYSIS MISSION Himalaya’s mission is to make home grown wellness a piece of each home. We need to be the most trusted organization in experimental natural human services and most respected for our morals, qualities and duty to  manageability. Build Himalaya as a science-based, critical thinking, head-to-heel brand, outfit from nature’s fortune and portrayed by trust and sound lives. RESOURCES HUMAN RESOURCES To contract the fitting employee for open positions in your organization, we must utilize a few levels of profiling. We’ll make a profile of the employment obligations and additionally the normal experience and aptitudes you’ll require from a representative. Throughout the enrolling procedure, We’ll incorporate profiling perspectives from competitors through their provisions, resumes and the particular meetings. FINANCIAL Finance figure out the capability for the business to attain the procurements of the business proposal. On account of a created business this involves an evaluation of the present budgetary status of the business incorporating bargains, misfortunes and speculations. The arrangement might as well likewise rough the monetary necessities of the business and the sources to acquire the accounts. INFRASTRUCTURE & EQUIPMENTS The foundation regarding structures and the layout is key for boost up marketable strategy. Moreover, the gear needed in the business for instance, gadgets for the work force. For a created business, the arrangement might as well portray what supplies necessities redesigning or trade to accomplish the arrangement’s goals. OFFERING The disclosure set what’s to come course for Himalaya. It offers the opportunity of the quality of exploratory exploration. It likewise taught the vitality of persistence, ardour and tirelessness. Company have kept tabs on changing over Ayurveda’s home grown custom into a reach of restrictive plans devoted to sound living and life span. Shampoo is basic day to day use product which is almost preferred by most of people. This people will have their own expectations by using any particular shampoo brand. To fulfil this requirements ‘Himalaya’ shampoo have to highlight that offering shampoo products with different purposes like anti-dandruff, soothing &  moisturising, volume & bounce, anti-hair fall, extra moisturizing with proteins, gentle daily care, softness & shine. BUSINESS RELATIONSHIPS Business relations will be relations between stakeholders in the business procedure, for example, management worker, the employer/employee and business accomplice, employer/employee-outsourced representative relations, and so on. Note the significant provision that cost alone is not the main attention. Short survey of dispersion force issues: EXTERNAL ANALYSIS (external environmental factors) POLITICAL COMPONENTS How and what degree an administration mediates in the economy. Particularly, political elements incorporate ranges, for example, charge arrangement, labour law, ecological law, exchange limitations, duties, and political strength. Political variables might likewise incorporate merchandise and administrations which the administration needs to give or be given and those that the legislature would not like to be furnished. Moreover, governments have extraordinary impact on the health, training, and base of a country. ECONOMIC COMPONENTS Incorporate financial development, investment rates, trade rates and the expansion rate. These elements have significant effects on how organizations work and settle on choices. Case in point, investment rates influence an association’s expense of capital and subsequently to what degree a business develops and grows. Trade rates influence the expenses of trading products and the supply and cost of foreign made merchandise in an economy SOCIAL FACTORS Variables incorporate the social angles and incorporate health cognizance, populace development rate, age dispersion, vocation mentality and accentuation on wellbeing. Drifts in social components influence the interest for an organization’s items and how that organization works. Case in point, an ageing populace may suggest a more diminutive and less-willing workforce . Moreover, organizations may change different administration systems to adjust to these social patterns. TECHNOLOGYCAL FACTORS Innovative components incorporate natural and ecological viewpoints, for example, R&d action, robotization, engineering motivations and the rate of mechanical change. They can figure out restraints to section, least productive creation level and impact outsourcing choices. Moreover, mechanical movements can influence expenses, quality, and lead to development. ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS Natural variables incorporate climate, atmosphere, and environmental change, which might particularly influence commercial ventures, for example, tourism, cultivating, and insurance.furthermore, developing consciousness to environmental change is influencing how organizations work and the items they offer- -it is both making new markets and lessening or crushing existing ones. LEGAL FACTORS Legitimate elements incorporate segregation law, shopper law, antitrust law, livelihood law, and health and wellbeing law. These components can influence how an organization works, its expenses, and the interest for its items. MARKET ANALYSIS Size of Indian shampoo market is 3098 Cr. With 16% of growth every year(Pareek, 2013). Hair care items like oil, hair cream and cleanser have been the quickest developing fragment of the individual consideration advertise in India. Because of growing of working class pay bunch populace, the business size of items. The span of the cleanser business sector is assessed at over Rs 25 Bn comparing to about 60,000 to 70,T000 tonne of the material. Interest of cleanser was 7000 tons in 1995-96, 21000 in 2000-01 and 33000 in 2005-06. Cleanser infiltration is evaluated now roughly more than 60% populace and anticipated that will sail 100 percent in nearing years while it was just 18% in 1995-96 and was concentrated to urban territories just (halalshampoo, 2010). MARKET TREND Products readied by the concoction business till date, have been less significantly synchronized inside India than in European case and quickly no Asian figure proposes biological worth seals or documentation. Provincial  supporters are bit by bit requesting â€Å"green† way out. In this, free conviction is forward of organization plus industry methodology. Likewise, bargains for the strength chemicals section are mounting quite quickly, fixated as an after effect of emphasis energetic about â€Å"green† high-execution items. A short specify of the way that provincial India makes up shut three-fourths of India’s populace and 51% of the sum disposable wage is sufficient to discover that this business holds a lot of potential. COMPETATIVE SITUATIONS The vast majority of the organizations have seen just a marginal plunge in edges in the previous two a long time notwithstanding the steep merchandise expansion, as they were ready to take value climbs without much safety. The key danger to edges can hail from increased rivalry from a profound pocketed player needing to increase market offer. In the previous 10 years we have seen substantial classifications like cleansers, cleansers and biscuits seeing sharp plunges in edges because of climbing intense force. CUSTOMERS NEEDS The main thing they had was the information of nature, accumulated in the ayurveda. With the art of Ayurveda’s, a few herbs and verdures were utilized to make ayurvedic makeup that truly met expectations. Ayurvedic beautifiers not just enhanced the skin yet went about as the shield against any sort of outside influences for the figure. Ayurvedic products otherwise called the natural have the same respectable holdings in the up to date period too. There is a wide extent of the natural beautifiers that are made and normally utilized for every day purposes. Natural beautifying agents like grown like Himalaya shampoos. SWOT ANALYSIS Hair & Care Parent Company Himalaya Category Personal Care brands- Herbal Shampoo Sector FMCG USP Multiuse herbal shampoo STP Segment Mid-priced herbal shampoo Target Group Middle class segment Positioning Hair & Care offers the potent nourishment of Herbal ingredients that reduce hairfall & moisturize SWOT Analysis Strength – Gained reputation as made out of Natural extracts – Strong brand value of Himalaya – Has user-friendly herbal nature – High quality of the product – Excellent distribution of Himalaya ensures availability Weakness – Market share is limited due to presence of strong competition – More emphasis needs to be put on increasing reach of product Opportunity – Can also launch shampoo and conditioner of same brand – Huge market potential – Launch Variety for overall members of family. Threats – Plenty of competitors – Almost no differentiation – Conditioners +shampoo mix might replace hair shampoo TARGET MARKET SELECTION & POSITIONING STRATERGY Market division is the division of the aggregate business sector into more diminutive, moderately homogeneous assemblies. It is important to portion or group the different individuals or foundations so as to recognize those with sufficient obtaining force, power, and eagerness to purchase. There are no gender orientation restraints regarding the showcasing of their item. Guys and females much the same are given items that will engage their contrasting styles and tastes. POSITIONING Items positioning alludes to ‘the client recognition of the spot an item or brand involves in a given market.The positioning of the Himalaya brand is ‘get it’. the joy would just be accomplish when they get an uplifting state of mind by others, that is the reason they have to comprehend themselves to know the real things they require, Himalaya needs to be seen as brand that realize what lady feel, what they need and Himalaya are letting them know, ‘we feel what you feel’ Positioning essentials: – Positioning is the single most excellent impact on a client’s purchasing choice. – Every client assesses items in the business sector as per their mental guide of the business. – Positioning exists in clients’ personalities, not in positioning explanations. – Individuals don’t effectively or readily alter their opinions in the vicinity of an item’s positioning. – Positioning must first exhibit an item’s importance, utilizing supportable, believable, and accurate terms. – Making the item less demanding to purchase through viable positioning makes the item simpler to offer. – Getting Into the Mind of the Consumer OBJECTIVES BRAND LEVEL OBJECTIVES Eventually, brand level benefit focuses are relied upon to help the in general augmentation of the company’s benefits. Nonetheless, when a firm holds some diverse brands, distinctive advertising and dissemination arrangements may be needed for each. A few variables become possibly the most important factor in augmenting worth. Product line objectives Firms profit on the totality of items and administrations that they offer, and off and on again, benefit could be expanded by settling for little edges on some, making up on others. For instance, both producers and retailers. DISTRIBUTION OBJECTIVE A company’s dissemination targets will eventually be quite related—some will upgrade one another while others will contend. for instance, as we have talked about, additional selective and higher administration dissemination  will for the most part involve less force and lesser scope. Cost must be exchanged off against pace of conveyance and for Communication Objectives BRANDING Branding is the utilization of a name, term, image or outline to give an item a remarkable character in the commercial center. Advertisers have three significant vital choices: maker marking vs. private names; singular marking vs. family brands; and co-marking. Furthermore, they must think about if to look for trademark assurance for their brand. LOGOS Logos are a discriminating part of business showcasing. As the organization’s significant graphical representation, a logo stays an organization’s brand and turns into the absolute most obvious sign of the organization inside the target market. Therefore, a generally composed logo is a key a piece of any organization’s general advertising system.everybody has, knows the logo that runs with the name. It’s all in the acquaintanceship of: Organization Name + Logo = costumers recollecting your organization and what it is you do. VALUE PROPOSITION A quality recommendation is a guarantee of worth to be conveyed and a conviction from the client that esteem will be encountered. A quality recommendation can apply to a whole association, or parts thereof, or client records, or items or administrations. Making a worth recommendation is a piece of business methodology. System is dependent upon a separated client worth recommendation. Fulfilling clients is the wellspring of feasible worth creation. Advancing a quality suggestion is dependent upon a survey and examination of the profits, expenses and esteem that an association can convey to its clients, prospective clients, and other constituent gathers inside and outside the association. It is likewise a positioning of worth, where Esteem = Profits. MARKETING MIX STRATERGIES PRODUCT PRODUCT CONCEPT An item notion is a printed, pictorial, or ridiculed up representation and portrayal of another item. The idea gives an unit for conveying to both  customers and the improvement group the way of the new item, how it will work, the item’s characteristics and qualities, profits, purpose behind being, also what issues it will explain for the client. Contingent upon both the relative freshness of the thought and the phase of improvement, there are different organizations in which thoughts could be exhibited. Know our types of shampoos Type of Shampoo Key Features Protein Shampoo Fortified with proteins Clarifying Shampoo Used to deep clean hair and remove buildup Volumizing Shampoo Adds body to limp hair Moisturizing Shampoo For dry hair. Keeps spilt ends in check. Revitalizing Shampoo Made for colour treated, chemically processed, damaged hair Anti-Dandruff Shampoo Contains medication that rinses away those flakes 2 n 1 Shampoo Combination of shampoo and conditioner PRICE Connecting a reasonable and precise sticker to your items and administrations might be an unpredictable adjusting of careful control. It might as well shock no one that numerous entrepreneurs have a progressing battle with setting their evaluating systems. Some use unseemly methodologies, for instance, endeavoring to dependably be the most minimal estimated player in the business sector, while others neglect to change their methodology to profit by business changes. The Importance of Accurate Pricing Clients need the best esteem for their cash, and consequently they will just about dependably do a quality examination and make buys dependent upon the  best cost for the best esteem. To show, put yourself in your client’s position. Assume you go into an office-supply store to purchase a ream of paper for your printer, and you find that there are many choices to browse. Conducting Market Research Statistical surveying is obliged when you propose to increase an aggressive point of interest through estimating. You’ll need to utilize exploration to figure out what contenders are charging for items or administrations like yours and survey how your offerings measure up as far as quality contrasted with those contenders. Knowing this will help you figure out a reasonable cost. DISTRIBUTION OBJECTIVES A company’s conveyance targets will eventually be exceedingly related—some will upgrade one another while others will contend. for instance, as we have examined, more selective and higher administration conveyance will for the most part involve less force and lesser range. Narrow vs. wide reach: The degree to which a firm may as well look for tight (select) vs. wide (extreme) appropriation hinges on upon various components. One issue is the purchaser’s probability of exchanging and eagerness to pursuit. Retailers included in a more restrictive dispersion game plan are liable to be more â€Å"devoted†Ã¢â‚¬â€i.e., they will have a tendency to Suggest the item to the client and subsequently offer expansive amounts; – Convey bigger inventories and choices; – Give more administrations PROMOTION DIRECT MARKETING We think about immediate advertising promptly in the term as a â€Å"differentiation† circumstance against which later channels might be analyzed. when all is said in done, you can’t spare cash by â€Å"dispensing with the mediator† on the grounds that delegates represent considerable authority in performing certain undertakings that they can perform more efficiently than the maker. Mediators perform errands, for example, – Moving the merchandise productively – Breaking mass – Combining products – Including administrations Internet Marketing (Electronic Commerce) Genuine offers of items e.g., Amazon.com. Promotion/advertising: Clients might be viably focused much of the time in light of the setting that they, themselves, have searched out. Client administration: The site may hold data for the individuals who no more have their manuals convenient and, for electronic items, give redesigned drivers and programming patches. Statistical surveying: Information might be gathered generally cheaply on the Net. Public Relations Our company have to have a consistent communication with clients, representatives and diverse stakeholders. This adjusting of connection is carried out by people in general connection office. The significant capacity of general society connection office is to handle press discharges, help item reputation, make and uphold the corporate picture, handle matters with officials, guide administration concerning open issues. Himalaya shampoos have to be taking a gander at approaches to merge with capacities of advertising and open connection in showcasing open connection. The immediate obligation of showcasing open connection (MPR) is to help corporate and item marking exercises. ACTION PLAN step 1 Behaviour statistical surveying. Take in who is utilizing the item, who will purchase it and to whom would it say it is helpful? Step 2 Examine the rivalry. Assess how your item varies or contrasts with current item offerings and figure out the routes in which your product/company outperforms. Distinguish the explanations clients buy somewhere else and the ways that you can lure them to buy your new item. Related Perusing: Gourmet Nourishment Items Showcasing Arrangements Step 3 Figure out your advertising procedure and test it with center aggregations to  figure out their reaction to your advancements. Best item starts include promoting of numerous sorts. Online advancements, radio/television spots, and email sales can all lead a guest to your site to take in more about the new item and other item offerings. Step 4 Make an advertising system. Thoughts incorporate permitting the press to survey your item, composition articles to send to open media, giving questions, and holding a launch occasion. The more chances you need to present your item to the target advertise, the more individuals will know the item and get intrigued by obtaining it. Step 5 Assess the availability of the launch to determine the in general timing is composed and the item is totally primed when it is declared. Step 6 Make a timetable in the advertising arrange and catch up normally to guarantee that everybody included is on calendar. Step 7 Train your client administration branch completely so workers can successfully offer the item. The moment the item is accessible for buy, your deals staff ought to be completely educated about the item and primed to offer it. MARKETING BUDGET Assuming that you are not certain what particular objectives you might want to set (for instance, what number of prospects you require), the best system is to begin in view of the finish: Figure out aggregate income: Settle on the measure of income you might want to gain for that discharge time span. Audit your income projections for the year, and figure out what amount you could ascribe to this discharge. Figure the amount of clients obliged: Partition your normal income by the normal deal quality to ascertain the amount of clients you have to sign. Comprehend your deals win proportion: Utilizing past bargains, apply what number of prospects you might need to attain the amount of clients needed. When you don’t have that number, a sensible â€Å"win rate† is give or take 1 in 5 (20%). This will provide for them you the amount of prospects you will get MARKETING BUDGET there are general guidelines, however there are additionally various weakening variables for each one organization to think about. The measure a  business might as well plan changes dependent upon its residency in the commercial centre on promoting secured items, yet numerous purchaser items organizations use 50 percent or a greater amount of their net income on starting new offerings. Using the general rules of thumb, calculate your company’s ideal marketing budget below: Total Revenue x 5% = Marketing budget required to maintain current awareness and visibility Total Revenue x 10% = Marketing budget required to grow and gain market share CONTROLS & CONTIGENCIES A promoting emergency arrangement can help a little business secure income, productivity and client relationships by planning for startling occasions. The sudden entry of an effective new contender, an issue in your store network, the abdication of a paramount deals delegate, an infection assault on your site or the revelation of a significant item abscond can have genuine outcomes. When you have an emergency arrangement set up, you can react rapidly to changes and secure your organization against the danger of business and budgetary harm. – Awareness – Monitor – Response – Manage CONCLUSION With the development in the improved markets approaching immersion, purchaser bundled products organizations started looking to advancing and rising markets for future development. Worldwide Himalaya Herbal Company one of the organizations that had a vicinity in a few rising markets incorporating India, where it worked through its subsidiary. The case concentrates on Himalaya’s technique for developing two adult brands with mass claim of their herbal shampoo range, by focusing on new sections in creative ways. REFERANCES external environmental factors. (n.d.). Retrieved 2 3, 2014, from dineshbakshi.com: http://www.dineshbakshi.com/igcse-business-studies/external-environment/revis

Eco Assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Eco Assignment - Essay Example are the amount of funds that commercial banks must hold in reserve against deposits, and third, is by changing the discount rate or interest rate charged to commercial banks.( Shad Satterthwaite) These tools are used to increase or decrease money supply. For example, when the government wants to control inflation, the Federal Reserve can sell government securities to raise money. This money will be used to alter banks’ reserve thereby reducing money circulation. When there is a smaller supply of money, there would be less to spend which would eventually lower the prices of goods. Federal Reserve may also increase interest rates making it more expensive to borrow. In this case, consumers will rather save which in turn will result to lowering of prices. The reverse process can be done to increase money supply. The effect of monetary policy can be described in the following scenario. To the man on the street, monetary policy doesn’t make sense; news about easy or tight money could go unnoticed, for after all, he receives exactly the same take home pay, eat the same food on the table, and can still purchase the same amount of goods on credit. However, let us consider this situation in business places where â€Å"easy† and tight† money could be readily observed. At one time or the other, we see offices busy with extra activities, while in another setting, we see the office like nothing is happening. Upon study, we see that the extra activities are brought about by expansion plans made possible by the easy monetary policy for investments. On the other hand, when money is tight, business activities are almost idle and there are no plans for expansion. Monetary policy is a move to regulate the supply of money that causes upward or downward changes in the amount of funds available to investors and producers. To regulate the supply of money, the Central Bank Federal Reserves must strike a balance between the demands for fund for growth and requirements of

Gender Equality and Social Institutions in USA and United Arab Essay

Gender Equality and Social Institutions in USA and United Arab Emirates - Essay Example It is clear from the discussion that in both USA and United Arab Emirates the education system followed in English, even though Arabic is taught in UAE. USA is famous as superpower and UAE is famous for its oil wealth. Both the countries are well known as the tourist destination. Both America and UAE has a large population of expatriates and is haven for migrant workers who look for better prospects in life and career. Just like America, UAE also consists of different states which are called â€Å"emirate† unitedly known as UAE. The currency of UAE is closely as valuable as American Dollar. Both American and UAE have a high living expense and high standard of living. The citizens of UAE like Americans lead a comfortable and quality life. Both these countries have a strict law system and criminals are punished severely once convicted. UAE like America has a population of an indigenous tribe who were early descendants of the country. In general USA and UAE, both allow freedom of religion to its citizens. The population of UAE is also similar to Americans in food habit as they love junk food. They too like Americans mainly follow a meat-based diet along with vegetables. Since UAE like the USA is a very modern, free-market country, people enjoy indulging in new products and different varieties of fast foods. For the very same reason, both countries have high obesity rates among citizens. The primary and prominent difference between both the countries is the religion they follow. UAE is an Islamic country and USA is predominantly a country which follows Christianity.UAE has Islamic laws governing the country whereas the USA is a secular nation. American is a highly liberal nation and gives complete freedom to its citizens whereas, UAE nationals are bound by Islamic laws. The USA has a government system whereas UAE is ruled by royal family of the nation. The national language of USA is English whereas UAE follows Arabic as their national language. The USA is a country with regions of varied geographical nature and climate, but UAE is a desert region and most part of the year is hot and humid. The geographical area of both these countries also varies drastically. USA is a huge country whereas UAE is a tiny country.UAE nationals unlike Americans are family oriented and are closely connected with family members. Among UAE nationals, the private functions are attended by men and women separately. The marriage ceremonies and other functions are truly Islamic law based. When it comes to the costume of UAE nationals they follow traditional outfit whereas American is casual and trendy in their dress sense. One will only find UAE men in white robe and women in a Black hijab with a veil on their face. America is famous for its pop culture and fast life but UAE follows Bedouin culture and lives a life which is medium paced.UAE imposes a restriction on dressing code, alcohol, and vulgarity in public while America is pretty much liberal.

Muenster Pump Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Muenster Pump - Case Study Example It is amply clear that Union Foundry’s quote is most competitive. Moreover, it guarantees to deliver the quality product as they have adopted modern technology. Outsourcing pump housing is in benefit of the company. Ned Dorf is not enthusiastic about outsourcing the parts. He is of the view that his company produces quality products and has reputation in the market place. He is a bit conservative and wants to have every parts produced in-house for this reason. The bigger issue is when foundry is closed down and pump housings are outsourced, what would happen to the workers working in the foundry unit? Currently, industries try to save every cent in material and direct labor cost because that is a key to survive in the long run – in the good and bad market. Market dynamics change rapidly and efficiency is the mantra for any industry to progress in the market place. It is quite likely that someone else might offer pumps at lower cost by employing Union Foundry’s housing and outplay The Muenster Pump Company from its age-old secured business. The clichà © ‘Survival of the Fittest’ is equally true in the business too. a. The Company will reduce its direct cost by more than 10% percent and will save substantially increasing the bottom line. The company can offer more competitive prices to the customers and increase its market share. Only disadvantage with outsourcing is to ensure quality supply of the component outsourced and if Union Foundry fails to deliver the supply in future for the reasons beyond their control what should be done? The advantage is that the company would be able to judge the quality of Union Foundry in due course of time and then gradually increase the procurement to make it hundred percent. This will give company enough time and leverage to adjust the workers in the other processes or in expansion of the main activities. This will take care of the human adjustment

The Economic and Financial implication of Globalization on the UK Essay

The Economic and Financial implication of Globalization on the UK Economy - Essay Example Qualitative research generates data that is based on the participants’ own categories of meaning, it is useful for studying a limited number of cases in detail, and tends to collect data in realistic settings (Creswell, 2001).  However, quantitative research method has been adopted for this current study mainly because of the reason that it is the most suitable. The term â€Å"globalization† gained prominence in the 1960s and it began to be extensively applied by economists and other social scientists. The current study has taken into account the output generated in the GDP, rate of unemployment and inflation for instance for a period from 1997-2001. A Chow Test will be performed to check the structural break over the years. The study will specifically deal with time series data in order to check whether there is structural change (parametric instability) in the relationship between the regressand (output and import-export in UK) and the regressor (GDP, technology, Consumer’s Price Index, Producer’s Price Index, rate of unemployment for instance). By structural change, it mean that the value of the parameters do not remain the same for the entire time period (UK Economic Indicators, n.d.). Globalisation is loosely defined as the economic activity taking place across the national boundaries (Buckman 2004).  In essence, globalization sought to liberalize trade as well as deregulate the economy and this particular study seeks to investigate the extent to which deregulation has impacted on the economy of UK. Quantitative methods will be used to collect data in order to ascertain the impact of deregulation on UK economy. During the contemporary era, the concept of globalisation has liberalised trade among nations and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has substantially changed the ways of doing business. ICT has made dramatic changes in the contemporary society and economy at large and has impacted on almost all businesses

English Language in Puerto Rico Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

English Language in Puerto Rico - Essay Example Due to the fact that Puerto Rico was once a colony of Spain, it is evident that these people has Spanish tongue in which they prefer to use such a language even though the island is somewhat under United States- their currency, form of government and even military security is from US (www.isreview.org)1 The question now rises, why is it that Puerto Ricans are not found of using the English language On the second note, despite the fact that English is their second language, why is it that there are only few that uses English as their language In this case, there are struggles involving trade, oneness and understanding between Puerto Ricans and English-speaking nations. There are a lot of accounts which "English has long been viewed on the island as both a tool of liberation and an instrument of oppression. Children are told from the earliest grades that English will be vital for their educational and professional advancement, while they are also cautioned that learning it too well may endanger their Puerto Rican identity (Pousada 1999)2". Torruellas (1990)3 studied three private schools, which is deemed as cradle of English teaching, found out that the level of mastery of English may vary on the social rank of the clientele of the particular private school. Only students in schools catering on the elites were only those who are trying to succeed in oral and written English. Students in middle class private schools had developed a sort of "counterculture" of resistance toward the language and its teachers. With this, difficulty in communicating with Puerto Ricans is still a complicated task to do and still a far-fetched dream for many. Phenomenon such as communicating through sign language with Puerto Ricans is still evident nowadays. There are accounts that show a "zero-communication" process with these people meaning it is next to impossible dream if you would try to communicate with these individuals if you are to use English as a medium. The fact that in 1990's Puerto Ricans presumes that if they are to sift from one language to another, then it would also be a room for these people to loose their identity. They deem that their language is the only language that is to be propagated and therefore learning another language is not their outmost priority. Also, Resnick's (1993)4 argue that Puerto Rican society has correctly assessed that language spread may lead to language shift which may then lead to language loss. This sense of patriotism is somewhat a hindrance for the majority of Puerto Ricans to learn English language. Being entangled in such a scenario, majority of them doesn't understand English and would not even comprehend simple English lessons or even sentences. Having this scenario, many Puerto Ricans in case they prefer to study in the United States are not performing well in their respective learning institutions or below par with regards to the expected outcome of their academic status. Also, educators deem that in order to fare with other students as well as for them to be globally competitive, the use of English language should be the priority rather than the propagation of Spanish language. It is very important than how English is presented is how Spanish is presented in this country, also, Puerto Rican Spanish suffers linguistic insecurity of speakers

Application of Nursing Theory comment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Application of Nursing Theory comment - Essay Example Notably, it is essential to acknowledge that caring is the backbone of nursing. Though the post does not give a detailed proposition of the theory, it gives a rational application of the theory to nursing setting. This post demonstrates how the theory offers a structure that nurse leaders can use to reinstate the profession’s vision of care that permits care to flow from the nurse leader to other nurses and eventually to the patients (Burtson & Stichler, 2010). The post also demonstrates how nurse leaders can use the theory to be compassionate and care towards the nurses and how this can yield positive effects on the quality of care offered to patients and the patient satisfaction scores. Notably, the post demonstrates how acting human can assist the fellow nurse workers to develop sensitivity to self and others by feeling their feelings. It can be interpreted that these compassionate encounters with the nurses promotes motivation and inspiration among the nurses and in turn results to high-quality care delivery and outstanding patient satisfaction score s. However, it would be significant to identify whether an improvement in the quality of care directly results to improved patient satisfaction

Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 33

Case Study Example The company is a market leader in home care market and personal care market that includes products such as deodorants, antiperspirants and skin cleansing products. According to the company website, Unilever is geared at working with integrity and making positive impact in the society through managing all environmental impacts in order to attain long-term goal of developing a sustainable business (Deighton 2). For decades, Unilever described itself as a company with local roots and global scale and eleven of its leading brands that include Lipton, Omo, Dove and Blue Band earned over $ 1 billion in annual revenues. Unilever was $ 50 billion in annual revenues, but its competitors such as Nestle had $ 69 billion, Procter and Gamble had $ 68 billion while Kraft Foods had $ 34 billion. The company operated in all continents and decentralization of operations enhanced diversity, but led to challenges of control. Although some brands attained high market share, the company lacked a global identity thus leading to the ‘Path to Growth’ strategy of 2000 that aimed at cutting down the 1600 brands to 400 brands that would become the ‘Masterbrands’. The shifts to Masterbrands aimed at decentralization and global vision that would ensure cooperation across all geographic markets (Deighton 4). In the 1980s’s Dove’s advertising highlighted the functional benefits such as avoiding of dry skin and marketing slogans referred the brand as ‘moisturizing cream’. Dove was selected to be a Masterbrand in 2000 in personal care categories such as hair care products, body lotions, hair styling products, facial cleansers and deodorants. Although the advertisements focused on the functional benefits, the communication had to shift to cater for the numerous categories and thus Dove would stand for a point of view. In 2004, Unilever recognized the need to position the brand according to consumers’ point of view in order to attain high brand

Frank Sinatra's Contribution to Elevating Las Vegas to its Current Essay

Frank Sinatra's Contribution to Elevating Las Vegas to its Current Status - Essay Example His professional career as musician spans over 60 years throughout which he has displayed a â€Å"remarkable ability to maintain his appeal and pursue his musical goals despite often countervailing trends† (Sinatra). However, his biggest contributions came in the state of Nevada, the city of Las Vegas. When Vegas was not the glamorous metropolis in the desert it is today, early casinos such as the Sahara and The Desert Inn relied on the star power of their headlining performers to bring guests into their door. However, mainly it is Frank Sinatra’s fabulous and captivating songs hits such as â€Å"Summer Wind† and â€Å"My Way,† with his irrefutable talent and ability to mesmerize an audience, which has led to Las Vegas’ enviable rise to fame. The legend was brought up in Hoboken, New Jersey, where he attended Demarest High School. After his graduation, he enrolled for journalism classes and later became a cub sports reporter. His mother, with her do mineering and stubborn nature, encouraged him to sing in a band. Subsequently, after a while, she got him a job, which would broadcast his talents through the WNEW station. He married Nancy Barbato in 1939 and had three children with her. During the time, he met the Frank Mane band by whom he signed a one year contract of performing together. This was the beginning of his career and he made his first recording with this band, performing the song â€Å"Our Love.† Once the contract was over, Frank coupled up with Henry James’s band in his bid to make himself a name in the music industry. With his hard work and enthusiasm, he recorded ten songs along with this band under the labels- Brunswick and Columbia. Then he received overtures from Tommy Dorsey to become a member of his band Frank realized that perhaps this was the break that he was looking for and he accepted the offer happily. Fortunately for him, this venture got him into the movie â€Å"Las Vegas Nights.† Besides, as another stroke of good luck, he was also able to top the charts for twelve weeks with the song â€Å"I’ll never smile again.† The Billboard and Downbeat magazines, which were dominant authorities in music ratings, featured him with high ranks among the singers of that period. He was really rising to fame, achieving so much in such short time. Within a span of just three years, 23 of his songs were among the top ten on Billboard. He then left the Dorsey band and started solo music. By this time he had acquired thousands of fans, known as ‘Bobby Soxers.’ When he made an appearance in the Paramount theatre, everyone got so wild that the crowd was literally uncontrollable. Next in Sinatra’s agenda came his debut at the Hollywood Bowl and Madison Square Garden, when he was under the contract of Columbia Records. It is relevant to note here that when a person attain certain level of a celebrity status, the town or city he hails from or lives in, also becomes a center of attraction for the masses as well as media. Thus, Sinatra’s fame also began to make Las Vegas a place of attraction. Celebrities like Gregory Peck has endorsed that Sinatra and his band need to be credited for the everlasting â€Å"sense of free-floating fun and frolic that captured the imagination of the world† (Weatherford par. 4). On the other hand, Lt Gov Lorrain Hung claims that â€Å"

Traditional versus Modern Essay Example for Free

Traditional versus Modern Essay Moral philosophy or ethics is about the individual’s concept or system of right and wrong behavior which becomes his foundation or basis of moral judgment and decisions. Two kinds of ethics which differs in moral judgment are traditional and modern ethics.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditional ethics emerge from the religious beliefs of what is morally right and wrong plus some concepts from the early philosophers such as Aristotle, Kant, Mill, Moore, Hume, and many others. The philosophers explained virtues and truths according to what is good and bad. Moreover, the birth and domination of Christianity, the law or concept of ethics (divine law) was about what â€Å"is† right or wrong doings (murder, theft, etc). However, some philosophers like Sidgwick constructed a system according to intention of the individual. Modern ethics is more of the â€Å"reason† or â€Å"motive† of the doer whether it is for the good of many people or for just a few ones that pushed him to do the said unjust behavior. That is why there is a term today as â€Å"legally wrong, but morally right†.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Traditional and modern ethics should not be necessarily considered as different ideas and beliefs that are contrasting each other. Modified traditional ethics can be considered as modern ethics since most of the morals today came from religious beliefs and early philosophies as respected by almost all cultures (specifically the Ten Commandments). Traditional ethics greatly affected our foundation of what is right and wrong or responsibility, which also became the basis of our cultural norms. But, as time passes by, people started to look closer to the different sides of the story that makes us consider the reasons or intentions behind an action that we later decide whether it is wrong or right. For example, when person steal a medicine for his dying mother because he has no enough money to buy it for her, in term of traditional ethics, the person committed a crime. But in terms of modern ethics, he is morally not guilty since he did it to save his mother’s life.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Religion and theology became the foundations of traditional ethics of responsibility and helped it its developments. Modern ethics became more independent from religious views but is still greatly influenced by traditional beliefs as cultural norms were adapted from it which helps a person’s system of judgment. References Moore-Bruder. (2006). Moral and Political Philosophy. Philosophy: The Power of Ideas, Sixth Edition.   The McGraw-Hill Companies.   [Electronic Version

What Makes Como Hotels And Resort Different Tourism Essay

What Makes Como Hotels And Resort Different Tourism Essay An Asian lady-Mrs Ong, the owner of the COMO group, dedicated and curious business woman who traveled a lot around the world was not really satisfied with the Londons most popular hotels. By 1991 Mrs Ong had already had well established fashion business because of which she traveled quite often to London. In 1991, in one of her visits to London she discovers that a building in Central London with perfect location is on sale. Immediately she decides to buy this building and turns into fantastic hotel and this Halkin Hotel consequently becomes an access for the COMO hotels and Resorts (Group Handbook, 2009). Thus starting her business to satisfy her expectations on her visits to London she builds a new business which fulfils the needs of higher expectations. According to COMO statistics of 2010 COMO hotels and resorts consists of three hotels (and 18 aprtments in Metropolitan Hotel), two resorts, two umas and one shambala estate. Two of the hotels are located in London and one in Bangkok. Parrot Cay (TurksCaicos) and Coco Irelands (The Maldives) are very unique resorts of COMO. But the main differentiator of COMO from any other hotels and resorts is its Umas(Uma Ubud(Bali) and Uma Paro(Bhutan)) and COMO Shambala Estate at Bagawan Giri(Bali) (Market share statistics 2010). With its distinguishing business approach COMO hotel resorts has been able to achieve uniqueness among its competitors over the past few years. Three hotels which are located in busy cities are developed to attract guest who travel to big cities for businesses. Because of this Sales and Marketing department of COMO hotels and resorts is located in London and correspondent office in Bangkok. These three five star hotels which are located in hart of the busy cities is the way how COMO attracts its customers. The main strategy of COMO is to build Resorts in the most rural, wild and unusual places of the world (COMO hotels and resorts, 2010). Focused differentiation strategies in Hotel industry seeks to provide high perceived service benefits justifying a substantial price premium product and are usually heavily branded and offer benefits different from those of its competitors and that are widely valued by buyers (Gerry et al, 2006). Implying this fact, because of its unique strategy and approach to its customers COMO can be named as a differentiator in Hotel and resort industry. Each COMO hotel and resort is very different, but it is not difficult to identify the most common aspect. As an owner of the group Mrs Ong pays a huge attention to the well being and health, as well as style. For instance in Vital statistics of COMO hotels and resorts (2010), Shambhala described as a health concept that has been built as centers of wellbeing at all estates. These include COMOs city hotel spas, known as COMO Shambhala Urban Escapes, as well as COMO Shambhala Retreats at the companys private islands and Uma resorts. Shambhala Yoga Centre in Singapore trains yoga teachers and therapists in order to create personalized, holistic solutions for the specific needs of different guests. It is a consultative rather than prescriptive approach, allowing consultants to respond to clients on a one-by-one, day-by-day basis. They demonstrate the best of ancient Asian traditions and, where it is appropriate, older techniques are combined with Western enhancements. Bodywork is also an other essential element of the COMO Shambhala experience. At all properties, yoga facilities are available. In addition, COMO Shambhala maintains on-going relationships with key health professionals, including nutritionists. COMO Shambhala cuisine, available at nearly all properties, focuses on energizing and organic products. The difference of these products is the emphasis paid on raw ingredients (more easily digested as well as richer in vitamins and sea minerals) is combined with old Asian influences. COMO Shambhala also generates a range of skin and body care products, which is made from all-natural ingredients (available in-room at every property), together with an Active Living clothing collection (COMO hotels and resorts Vital statistics, 2010). COMO Hotels and Resorts is developed by a unique Asian spirit: a peaceful commitment to servicing customers in order to ensure their break with pleasure. In contrary to many hotels COMO tries not to make a hotel like their home, instead it strives to bring the culture, along with all the aspects of the country to make sure that guests will remember the lodge as unforgettable. This aspect, passion and reliability makes each stay exclusive by defining not just the service norms but the hart of each property. All of this described by the essence of the destination which can be found in food, architecture, and the way COMO helps guests to explore and experience the sightseeings of the place. Because of these facts whether its a private island in the ocean or a hotel at the heart of UK, COMO Hotels and Resorts    an award winning, a private company    knows how to make memories of the guests last forever (COMO hotels and resorts, 2010). Internal and External analysis Chart 1: Source: Gerry J, Kevan S, Richard W, Exploring Corporate Strategy, texts and cases, (2006), pp. 64. The Chart 1 gives a clear view of frameworks for understanding the environment of COMO hotels and resorts with the aim of assisting to identify the key issues and ways of overcoming the challengers and complications. There are a lot of factors which influence COMO hotels and resorts, but mainly for the right assumptions and good analysis it is necessary to analyze those aspects by dividing them into internal and external factors. External- in other words environmental and competitive analysis-aim to identify opportunities and threats which affects the company. On the other hand internal analyses seek to identify strengths and weaknesses a COMO is facing in current competitive and challenging business environment. Environmental (PESTEL) Analysis. COMO Hotels and Resorts is competing in the hospitality industry, which has been effected enormously by the impact of war, terrorism attacks, political instability and visa regulations as well as economic crisis like 2009th credit crunch. It is also affected by technological innovations and globalization as well as environment. By using PESTEL framework COMO Hotels and Resorts can categorize environmental influences into six main forms: political, economical, social, technological, environmental and legal. PESTEL provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of the strategy of COMO Hotels and resorts. Many of these factors are linked together which is why it is crucial to identify the key drivers for change. And these key drivers for change are the high-impact factors likely to affect significantly the success or failure of strategy(Gerry et al, 2006). COMO Hotels and Resorts approach considers the impact on the economies, cultures, environment and communities of each destination in which it operates. Promise to sustainability is embedded in the fundamental COMO commitment to passion, creativity and style. Creating unforgettable journey experiences for guests go together with rewarding employees to maximize their prospective, targeted stewardship and contributing to the local economy (COMO hotels and resorts, 2010). Political/Legal Factors As a Global Industry COMO is hugely affected by political factors of the country where it operates. It is comprehensible that visa regulations effect dramatically on COMOs sales. For example it is more difficult to obtain visa to Bali which makes Uma less attractive for its guests. Nowadays people do not really want to fill extra paperwork and wait for results. All the Resorts and Umas as well as estate is located either in higher mountains or in islands which narrows its customer segmentation to a luxury holiday and leisure seeking guests. For example to travel Coco Irelands where one of the famous resorts is located a guest will need to feel extra paperwork proposed by the governments which affects the guest decision to visit the resort. As COMO operates in different countries it is very important to invest into the governmentally stable country. Another reason for that is the cost of closure of the business; this is due to costly assets. Taxation is another aspect of consideration for any global company. According to the experiences of some guests, some complaint that they were charged higher tax on their third visit to Uma Ubud, but this is due to the governmental taxation policies which does not necessarily affect COMO but discourages the trust of the customers (Trip Advisor, 2009). Economical Last year has been especially difficult for the tourism, hospitality and travel industry. War in Iraq, the rise of oil prices, the outbreak of different flu viruses because of which traveling was limited or dangerous to some destinations has had a devastating effect on the global hospitality industry. Those factors combined with the domestic situation in the UK, such as credit crunch, a declination in consumer spending, the weak job and closure of many businesses made the last year very challenging for businesses. As the economic downturn is slightly picking up, the hospitality and travel industry gains from increased business travels. And expectations for a more favorable hospitality and travel industries are in sight and are proclaimed by various sources for the 2010. According to the Profit and Loss statement of COMO Hotels and Resorts for 2009 RevPAR has generally declined for 2.3% but predicted Profit and Loss statement for 2010 looks much healthier than last year with 1,2% increase in RevPAR. Merrill Lynch analysts (10/30/2009) believe that the hotel industry has hit the lowest figures of present lodging cycle and is disillusioned for a huge rebound due to increasing demand, as a result of a strengthen economy, together with very low supply growth over the next a few years. These results consequently should translate into strong RevPAR. And followed by the improvement of RevPAR, RC(return on capital), ROCE and overall hotel evaluation is often followed. According to the Ghassan Aidi, President of International Hotels Restaurant Association, notes on U.N. World Tourism Organization Resilience Committee meeting in Berlin on September 2008, nearly in parallel with stock market turmoil, occupancy at luxury hotels start to go down 6% then 14% in October. Furthermore he mentioned RevPAR in 2009 fell by 17% for luxury market while as it was mentioned above COMO Hotels and Resorts was able to keep its business in -2.3%. Moreover Mr Ghassan Aidi (2009) concludes his speech mentioning that in general 2009 and early part of 2010 will be challenging for hotel industry, but he also believes that hospitality industry as a whole needs to become positive and explore unlimited opportunities. Please remember that our industry is the largest employer in the history and employ more than 950 million of workers and we are the last barrier and the major fighter against global poverty says Mr Ghassan Aidi on his report. Social and Environmental COMO has been investing and paying huge attention to the environmental factors such as global warming, poverty and discrimination. For example COMO foundation is specially designed program to support nonprofit organizations that tries to improve lives of women and girls. Without any geographical limitations to the foundation portfolio COMO was able to grant projects such as healthcare, skill development and education (COMO hotels and resorts, 2010). COMO has implemented different recycling projects in its hotels and resorts. Metropolitan Hotel in London was awarded as the best environmental caring hotel of 2009 (Employee handbook, 2010). Technological Factors To obtain bigger market share and to increase customer satisfaction, hotels and resorts are continuously trying to offer high-tech technology. In the past few years have shown huge effects on telephone revenues and an increased demand for high speed Internet access throughout hotels and resorts (Phillip et.al, 20/11/2003). The overall change in customer booking patterns was affected by the way customers are searching, reviewing and choosing hotels and resorts. Travel agents such as Travelodge have increased their large market share and are continuing to change the current status of the market. It is not difficult to observe how travel agents who offer vocational packages which include accommodation, airfare and transportation are growing over the past few years, but at the same time this affected negatively on revenues in the hospitality. Moreover Internet review web-sites such as interdependent hotel review web pages like www.cntraveller.com has impacted on customers choice and decisions. Online booking is rapidly increasing because of the customers behavioral changes. Moreover economical changes persuaded Hotels and Resorts to implement cost cutting techniques. On the second part of this report technological changes which are effecting COMO hotels and resorts will be discussed more briefly. SWOT analysis The key strategic messages from business environment and strategic capability can be summarized in the form of SWOT analysis. According to Mintzberg (1998, p.406) SWOT analysis summarizes the key issues from the business environment and the strategic capability of an organization that are most likely to impact on strategy development. The aim of these analyses is to identify the extent to which the current strengths and weaknesses are applicable to, and capable of, simultaneously dealing with the threats and capitalizing on the opportunities in the hospitality industry. COMO business structure and development as SWOT analysis important strengths and weaknesses within the industry and illustrates valuable opportunities and threats the hotel is facing currently: Strengths   COMO has gain a good reputation from its existing customers There is constant upgrading of COMO management Perfect and unique hotel locations Differentiating facilities Great hotel service and high customer value Cultural staff/personnel relations with guests Very popular restaurants located in each hotels and resorts COMO shambala health treatments Small chain which means better and easier management COMO Foundation Weaknesses Lack of profit maximization from other sources like for example, conferences and wedding venues revenues Low employment overhead revenue Lack of differentiation of reception from other hotels Difficulties to reach target customers Tough visa regulations in some locations of the resorts Lack of self owned online sales channels   Opportunities   The presence of enough basic facilities to improve quality Technological innovation   Refresh of hotel operators   The increase in sales due to customer loyalty   The ability to be efficient as knowledge curve is changing   Customer Growth Enhancement of Brand Name Threats Presence of better market positioning by hotel rivals Constantly raising and tough competition because all the Hotels are located in big cities Economic slowdown that may obstruct hotel development Implementation of newer technology tools by other hotels Unsuitable environment for keeping loyal customers Change in Technology Changes happen all over the world, every single minute there is something invented or improved and this lead to the fact that nowadays life cannot be imagined without technology. Some companies use technology in some part of the production procedure, while others consist whole from technology and hugely depend on it. One of the hugely dependant on technology and changes within technological industry is hospitality industry. Starting from reaching and making reservations for guests, all the way till making the customers loyal requires technology. The following paragraphs of this report highlight most important innovations and installations of technology in the COMO hotels and resorts. Technological influences on policies and decision making Starting from 1980s, strategy management scholars began to recognize technology as an important element of business definition and competitive strategy. (Robert Burgelman, 2004). For example Porter observes that technology is among the most prominent factors that determine the rules of competition. But according to one prescriptive school of strategy is that general managers need not have backgrounds in science or IT, but they do need to invest significant effort in learning to understand the technologies important to their business. But the most important fact for CEOs in todays constantly changing technological world is their ability to frame the key strategic questions in relation to technology (Robert Burgelman, 2004). The link between generic competitive strategies and technological strategies is described in details below in Chart 1. Chart 1 Technological Policies and Generic Competitive Strategy Generic Strategy Product technological change Overall cost leadership Overall differentiation Focus segment Cost leadership Focus segment differentiation Technological Policies COMOs new product offer to reduce product/service cost by lowering materials content. COMOs product development to enhance product quality COMOs product development to design enough performance for the segments needs COMOs new product offer to meet exactly the needs of the particular business segment application. Process technological change COMOs process development to enhance economies of scale COMOs process development to support greater quality control, faster response COMOs process development to tune production to segment needs in order to lower cost COMOs process development to tune the production to segment needs in order to improve performance. Source: Burgelman R., Christensen C., Wheelwright S., 2004, Strategic management of technology and innovation Being global means a lot of communication and quick respond to the changes. Having properties in different parts of the world is very difficult to manage without standardized property operating systems. The finance department in all of the properties of COMO uses the same system which in its turn enables head office to better control the finance of the company. All COMO hotels and resorts bank transactions exceeding 10.000 pounds are being processed by head office in UK. Due to technology this procedure is reached high outcomes, as a result of the availability of the internet any resorts or Umas at any time can scan the copy of the invoice and send to the head office. After this head office analyses the invoice and processes payment to the beneficiary on behalf of the resort or hotel. Effectiveness of COMOs response to change in technology COMO is constantly striving to be the first of new technological advances in the industry. According to Mr Orchard-regional general manager-a companys strength and competitive advantage is its ability to constantly update and keep up with technology. Mr orchared says: We were able to differentiate ourselves because of our passion, creativity and style. But the key behind this theory is our ability to be first in introducing new technological changes to our guests. COMO hotels and resorts have implemented different technological advances and those are being explored to increase its facilities within the lodge. For example, Metropolitan was the first hotel in London who offered free wireless internet within the hotel. Moreover it is the first hotel in London who installed 42 and 32 flat screen TV in all its bedrooms. Also it offers vary products such as iPod docking station, electronic do not disturb button in all its bedrooms. Due to change in technology COMO is able to offers more services to its customers than ever before, for example: IT Butler Limousines Foreign exchange Business Centre with high speed broadband internet service Secretarial service Laundry, dry cleaning and pressing services Express check-out Mobile phone rental Flat screen TV with 67 channels Extensive on demand music jukebox and movie selection WiFi and high speed internet access iPod docking station (in Studios and Suites) CD and DVD player Dual line, direct dial telephone with voice mail Air conditioning Electronic do not disturb sign Private fax machine with designated number UK and US modem points Video recorders, mobile phones and printers (on request) Sony widescreen TV Wall mounted plasma screen DVD player Hairdryer Iron and ironing board Mini bar In recent years the emerging of the internet as a new channel of distribution has presented some challenges to the lodging industry. In respond to this COMO partnered with e-commerce company which enabled better online reservation systems. With the installation of these new systems COMO was able to offer international customers use the local language to make a reservation. Of course internet is a great tool to reach customers globally but aim of the COMO is to tailor that distribution method to suit to each guest. And this recently developed e-commerce has and will further enable COMO to reduce the distribution costs, while promoting the brand name around the world. The main objective behind this is to make COMOs web site and online sales channels to reach more customers and to promote the brand name (Employee handbook, 2009). Areas for improvement as a response to the change in technology COMO is constantly looking and investigating for new technological improvements and advancements to satisfy the needs of its guests. But as it can be seen in any business because of the rapid change in technology it is too difficult to keep up with changes in technology all the time. There is always a gap or neglected part of the business which can be improved to turn weaknesses and threats in opportunities and strengths. For example to improve the distribution and increase customer loyalty COMO uses online sales channels. But in order to better compete, to have a better and stronger brand COMO needs to have its own online sales channels. COMO Hotels and Resorts needs to insure all its customers to get the best value by accessing the different distribution channels available. As an advertiser of COMO hotels and resorts it co-operates with Design Hotels Inc, this kind of companies advertise hundreds hotels and resorts. As some of its competitors are already aware and became ahead COMO by designing their own advertising web browser, COMO needs to keep up with this as well. Biometric clock in and clock out system allowed organizations to automate payroll processing, eliminate unauthorized overtime and accurately reports employee time/ attendance to HR. Right now COMO is implementing a time card which needs to be swiped to record the attendance. But biometric attendance recorder can help to eliminate early punch ins and hours of payroll calculation. It helps and eliminates the effort and time required by the HR to monitor the time-clock activity and reduces the manual involvement of payroll consequently leading to a cost savings and improved productivity. COMO hotels and resorts is very narrowly targeted to a very rich guests, but is not COMO distancing itself from other guest demographics? The effort to keep up with changing technology is working, but can COMO stay in line with further changes of technology and competition? Conclusion COMO hotels and resorts seems to be very well positioned and has made significant achievements and was able to expend very quickly by integrating of its brand name by accomplishing its strategic trend in such turbulent economic situation. Its culture, brand and global strategy are the key part of their success. While there are still huge opportunities, such as technological innovation, reinvigoration of hotel operators, the increase in sales due to customer loyalty, customer growth and enhancement of brand name these opportunities are also accessible over the period of time. Nevertheless, COMO has been able to accomplish huge success in less than 20 years by nurturing a culture and reputation based on style, creativity and passion to navigate though challenging markets and prosperous times. Thus the strength of COMO became a synonym of luxury.

Managing Oneself By Peter F Drucker Management Essay

Managing Oneself By Peter F Drucker Management Essay In his article, Managing Oneself, Peter F. Drucker establishes the correlation between success and self-awareness. Success in the knowledge economy comes to those who know themselves, their strengths, their values, and how they best perform. We will be able to achieve results, remain competitive and be successful by knowing our strengths and limitations. Furthermore, by knowing our strengths and limitations, we can position ourselves where we can best contribute and excel within the organization. Drucker suggests a self-assessment using the following questions. What Are My Strengths? Learning more about our strengths can be done through feedback analysis, and also by comparing expectations versus results. Knowing what our strengths are will allow us to maximize our potential in areas in which we can excel, instead of wasting time trying to cultivate skills in areas of little or no proficiencies. Knowing our strengths will let us determine where we belong. How Do I Perform? The way we perform is a matter of personality. Everyone performs differently and how we perform is unique. Recognizing if we are a reader or a listener, as well as, identifying how we learn, can help us find out how we perform. Understanding how we perform is essential to prevent wasting time and effort in trying to change the way we learn and operate. Instead, it is far more advantageous to improve our performance and try not to take on work we cannot perform well or perform at all. What Are My Values? To work in an organization whose value system is unacceptable or incompatible with ones own condemns a person both to frustration and to non-performance. People and organizations have values. In order to perform well or be effective in an organization, both the values of the organization and the individual must be close enough so they can co-exist. Value conflicts can result in frustration and poor or non-performance; therefore, values should be a primary focus in situations in where personal values are not in sync with an organizations. Where Do I Belong? Knowing our strengths, how we perform and our values can help us answer the question, where do we belong. This is important because by knowing where we belong, we can place ourselves where we can make the greatest contributions within the organization. It also can help us to select the tasks and responsibilities in which we are more likely to excel based on what we know about our strengths, performance and values. What Should I Contribute? Or what should my contributions be? Contributions to our organizations should make a difference for the better. Its results should be visible and measurable. In addtion, contributions should be based on our given strengths, performance and values, and follow a course of action: what to do, where and how to start, and what goals and deadlines to set. Managing oneself requires a high degree of self control, self awareness and social skills. Since we are all part of society, we all should be aware of our relationship responsibilities. This is recognizing that an organizations composition includes people with different values, strengths and performance levels, knowing them will help us work better with others and accomplish more. With regard to relationship responsibilities, it is also important to take responsibility for communication. Effective communication helps to build consensus, increasing efficiency and building trust. Through effective communication, we can learn and understand members of our organizations to ensure we are in sync to achieve our goals and provide our greatest contributions to our firms and society. What Leaders Really Do By John P. Kotter In his article, What Leaders Really Do, Kotter establishes the difference between managing and leading. The key distinction he makes is that management involves coping with complexity and leadership has to do with coping with change. Good management brings a degree of order and consistency to key dimensions like the quality and profitability of products. According to Kotter, managers promote stability while leaders press for change, and only organizations that embrace both sides of that contradiction can thrive in turbulent times. Although there are clear differences between managing and leadership, effective leadership cannot be achieved without good management. Management has to do with objectives and results. It does require planning, organizing, leading and controlling. An effective manager will find or will administer the necessary technical and human resources to get things done effectively; this is, with the lowest cost and in the fastest time. Leadership, in contrast, has to do with the social aspect of managing. In our organizations, leaders set up the direction and vision. A manager will make sure to plan accordingly and direct the necessary resources to follow the direction or vision of our leaders in their organization. Kotter also lists the following as activities that leaders dont do; They dont make plans, they dont solve problems, they dont even organize people. What leaders really do is prepare organizations for change and help them cope as they struggle through it. Leaders inspire change and prepare organizations to manage change. However, based on my work experience, I disagree with the author on the idea that leaders dont plan, solve problems or that they dont organize One can argue that a leader may not has the same level of involvement as a middle manager or supervisor in performing these activities; however effective leaders do have to make plans, resolve problems and organize even move people. The degree of contribution of a leader carrying out these actions will depend on the type of leader they are, the situation they are in and organization they are leading. Another idea that is presented in this article is that leadership has nothing to do with having charisma or other exotic personal ity traits. Although it is true that being charismatic is not a requirement to be a leader, it has been demonstrated by many studies and theories that a charismatic leader has a positive effect on their followers. People want to be led by these individuals They inspire and motivate, which in turn makes it easier for a leader to effectively influence others to act or change and work toward achieving the leaders vision. After all, this is the very essence of effective leadership, to inspire and influence others to act and change. What makes a leader? By Daniel Goleman The term emotional intelligence was introduced by Daniel Goleman in 1995. In his research at nearly 200 large global companies, he found that in addition to intellectual abilities and technical skills, effective leaders are alike in having a high degree of emotional intelligence. The five components of emotional intelligence are: self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy and social skills. The first three components of emotional intelligence are self-management skills, the last two have to do with the persons ability to manage relationships with others. Why emotional intelligence is so important for leaders? Self-Awareness and Self-Regulation: The ability to recognize, understand and control our emotions plays an important role in decision making in business. People who know how their feelings and impulses affect them and affect others, can make better decisions and can adapt to changes more easily. Motivation: Effective leaders are driven to achieve. Their passion goes beyond money and status. Motivation ensures organizational commitment and plays a role in the levels of optimism within the organization. Empathy: Carefully consider employees feelings along with other factors in decision making. People feel better when they are led by someone who cares and understands them. Empathy impacts productivity and effectiveness in team work and in retaining talent. Social Skills: Knowing that in business, as well as, in many other professional fields, nothing important is accomplished individually. Using effective interpersonal skills and networking allows leaders to effectively get the job done through others. In the organizations in which I have been a member of, emotional intelligence has made the difference between effective and ineffective leaders. On many occasions, high technical and intellectual skills of managers have not been enough to make them effective in their efforts to lead teams or the organization in general. In contrast, managers and CEOs who seem to know themselves well, understand and control their emotions, seem to project their positive attitude and approach onto other members of the organization. They can see the bigger picture in situations of conflict or problems. They remain in control, not allowing their feelings or emotions to interfere with their decision making process, and come up with creative solutions that others within the organization were unable to see (perhaps because they let their feelings and negative thoughts get in the way). They remain optimistic and can efficiently motivate others even in situations when the odds for success seem against them. T hey also show empathy and genuinely care about others; many of them are involved in activities or programs that help their communities or are mentors for their employees. There is consensus in the way they are perceived. Everyone agrees they are people persons with a natural ability to maintain and build relationships in and outside the organization. More than relationships, they establish bonds, partnerships and networks that help to influence to get the job done effectively. More importantly, they seem to always look for the upside or positive side of an issue and make people feel good about being part of the organization, which has a direct effect on productivity and success. They lead by example and treat everyone with respect. For me, these traits and abilities represent what emotional intelligence is and they are as important as technical and intellectual skills in order to lead effectively. Mastering the components of emotional intelligence can make the difference in the effe ctiveness of a leader. What Every Leader Needs to Know About Followers By Barbara Kellerman There is no leader without follower(s). The relationship leader-follower can be described as interdependent. They need each other to exist, and they impact each others actions and behaviors. Many of us share the perception that a follower is someone who willing accepts anothers ideas, vision or assignments, sometimes unconditionally or without questioning the purpose or reason their leader has. Historically, because leaders were in positions of power or authority, followers simply acted as compliant subordinates. According to Barbara Kellerman in her Harvard Business Review article, What Every Leader Needs to Know About Followers, the relationship leaders-followers has changed. A confluence of changes- cultural and technological ones in particular- have influenced what subordinates want and how they behave, especially in relation to their ostensible bosses. The advances in technology and globalization have resulted in less usable power for leaders. Followers now have access to inform ation and tools that were not available to them in the past. The trend in todays business environment is that followers think of themselves and act more as free agents by not being totally dependent on or submissive to their leaders ideas or objectives. More often than not, followers now can challenge leaders decision. For this reason, leaders are now more careful in the way they treat their followers. They are aware that their actions may be subject to scrutiny, not only by their followers, but also by their organization and the society as a whole. Additionally, because power is now shared in most modern organizations, leaders look for followers feedback and support. At the same time, followers can impact a leaders behavior. For example, they can withhold support from a bad leader and support good ones, or organize themselves to pursue an objective that challenges or blocks their leaders action. Just as there are different types of leaders, there are different types of followers. In general, having high technical skills, knowledge and emotional intelligence are associated with being a good leader. Leaders and followers have similar traits or characteristics; their differences are related to their behaviors and roles. In my personal experience, good followers challenge their leaders. With their knowledge and use of available information, they invest time in making judgments about their leaders. They also contribute to a cause or organization with their engagement and passion. Good followers also actively support a leader who is effective and ethical, and will actively oppose an ineffective or unethical lerader. Good leaders are essential for successful businesses. At the same time, good followers have a direct impact on strengthening their leaders actions through their support or weakening their leaders to their lack thereof.